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1.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 42(2)ago. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515091

RESUMO

La isquemia miocárdica es un fenómeno secundario a la perfusión insuficiente del músculo cardíaco que en algunos casos puede ocurrir de forma aguda llevando a la necrosis celular y constituyendo el infarto agudo al miocardio (IAM). A pesar de que el diagnóstico de IAM es principalmente clínico, en ciertos casos en que no se sospeche de forma activa por presentar síntomas no típicos de isquemia miocárdica, el diagnóstico puede sugerirse por la Tomografía Computarizada (TC), que puede mostrar hallazgos sugerentes de IAM. A continuación, se comunica una serie de 4 casos clínicos con diagnóstico imagenológico incidental de IAM.


Myocardial ischemia is secondary to myocardial under perfusion. It can develop acutely leading to cell necrosis and myocardial infarction (AMI), or have a chronic course. Though the diagnosis of AMI is mainly clinical, in certain cases the symptoms may be atypical and the diagnosis can be suggested by images such as Computed Tomography (CT). Herein we report a series of 4 clinical cases with diagnosis of AMI following incidental CT imaging. There was an abdominal pain in 3 patients and a cervical pain in the remaining one. CT scan showed a hypodense myocardial image. The final diagnosis was confirmed by the appropriate laboratory and angiographic methods.

2.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 42(1)abr. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441373

RESUMO

Introducción: En nuestro medio, el implante percutáneo de prótesis aórtica (TAVI) se encuentra limitado a pacientes más añosos o de mayor riesgo quirúrgico, en quienes frecuentemente se retarda la intervención hasta que presenten signos avanzados de enfermedad. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de compromiso miocárdico en pacientes sometidos a TAVI y determinar si la magnitud de este compromiso predice los resultados alejados del procedimiento. Métodos: Registro de pacientes sometidos a TAVI en 2 instituciones de Chile. Según la clasificación propuesta por Genereux el año 2017, se clasificaron desde el punto de vista ecocardiográfico como: 1) compromiso de ventrículo izquierdo; 2) compromiso de aurícula izquierda; 3) hipertensión pulmonar / insuficiencia tricuspídea significativa y 4) disfunción de ventrículo derecho. Resultados: Se incluyeron 209 pacientes. Se logró un procedimiento exitoso en 98,6%, registrándose una mortalidad intrahospitalaria de 2,9%. El compromiso cardíaco se extendió más allá de las cavidades izquierdas en 24,7% de los casos (estadíos 3 y 4). A una mediana de seguimiento de 650 días se registró una mortalidad de 26,8%. El compromiso de cavidades derechas (estadíos 3 y 4) se asoció a una mayor mortalidad (39,6% vs 22,1%, log rank p=0,015). En análisis multivariado, este compromiso fue el único factor que de forma independiente predijo mortalidad (HR 1,87, IC 1,01-3,44, p=0,044). Conclusiones: El compromiso de cavidades derechas se asocia a una mayor mortalidad alejada en pacientes sometidos a TAVI. Estos resultados debiesen estimular una derivación precoz de estos pacientes que, aunque añosos y de alto riesgo, tienen buenos resultados intervenidos precozmente.


Background: Locally, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is limited to very old or high-risk patients, whose intervention is frequently delayed until they develop signs of advanced disease. Aim: To evaluate the degree of myocardial compromise in patients undergoing TAVI and to determine whether the level of this compromise can predict results during follow-up. Methods: Registry of TAVI patients from 2 institutions in Chile. According to the classification proposed by Genereux in 2017, patients were classified based on the echocardiogram as 1) left ventricular compromise; 2) left atrial compromise; 3) pulmonary hypertension / severe tricuspid regurgitation; 4) right ventricular dysfunction. Results: The study included 209 patients. A successful procedure was achieved in 98.6% of cases, with an in-hospital mortality of 2.9%. Cardiac compromise extended beyond left chambers in 24.7% of cases (stages 3 and 4). During follow-up (median of 650 days) mortality was 26.8%. Right chambers involvement (stages 3 and 4) was associated with increased mortality (39.6% vs 22.1%, log rank p=0.015). In multivariate analysis, this compromise was the only factor that independently predicted mortality (HR 1.87, IC 1.01-3.44, p=0,044). Conclusions: Right chambers involvement was associated to increased mortality during follow-up of patients undergoing TAVI. These results should stimulate earlier referral of these high risk and older patients in order to obtain better results following the intervention.

3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 150(12): 1647-1654, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515395

RESUMO

Heart failure (HF) is a global health problem. There is a strong association h between HF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), with an increasing prevalence of patients having both conditions concomitantly. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (ISGLT2) significantly reduce cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular death. In this article we will focus on the current evidence about the effectiveness of these medications in adults with heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction.


Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Sódio/metabolismo , Volume Sistólico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/farmacologia , Glucose
4.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 41(3)dic. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423693

RESUMO

La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es un problema de salud mundial. En la actualidad existe una clara asociación entre la IC y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), con una prevalencia cada vez mayor de pacientes que presentan concomitantemente ambas patologías. Los inhibidores del cotransportador 2 de sodio-glucosa (ISGLT2) han demostrado disminuir los eventos cardiovasculares, incluida la muerte de origen cardiovascular, por lo que se han instalado como uno de los pilares en su tratamiento. En el presente artículo se describen los principales mecanismos de acción de los ISGLT2 y sus efectos: mejora de condiciones de carga ventricular, metabolismo cardíaco, bioenergética, remodelado ventricular y sus efectos cardioprotectores directos y posiblemente antiarrítmicos.


Heart failure (HF) is a global health problem. Currently there is a clear association between HF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), with an increasing prevalence of patients presenting with both pathologies concomitantly. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (ISGLT2) have shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular death. These results have placed ISGLT2 as one of the main pillars in the treatment of HF. This article will focus on the mechanisms of action, and their effects: improved ventricular loading conditions, cardiac metabolism, bioenergetics, ventricular remodeling, direct cardioprotective and possibly antiarrhythmic effects.

5.
Rev Med Chil ; 150(2): 183-189, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36156644

RESUMO

COVID-19 pandemic generated multiple challenges for the health system. Cardiovascular disease is associated with a worse prognosis of infections. Moreover, most hospital resources and operative rooms were destined to patients with COVID-19 infection, deferring the treatment of most valvular patients requiring surgery. We report seven patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with conscious sedation and early discharge. No patient required intensive care unit admission or mechanical ventilation. After a 90-day follow-up, there were no complications or unplanned readmissions.


Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica , COVID-19 , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/etiologia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Sedação Consciente/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Pandemias , Alta do Paciente , Fatores de Risco , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 150(2): 183-189, feb. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389642

RESUMO

COVID-19 pandemic generated multiple challenges for the health system. Cardiovascular disease is associated with a worse prognosis of infections. Moreover, most hospital resources and operative rooms were destined to patients with COVID-19 infection, deferring the treatment of most valvular patients requiring surgery. We report seven patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with conscious sedation and early discharge. No patient required intensive care unit admission or mechanical ventilation. After a 90-day follow-up, there were no complications or unplanned readmissions.


Assuntos
Humanos , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/etiologia , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , COVID-19 , Alta do Paciente , Fatores de Risco , Sedação Consciente/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Pandemias
7.
Rev Med Chil ; 150(12): 1647-1654, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37906786

RESUMO

Heart failure (HF) is a global health problem. There is a strong association h between HF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), with an increasing prevalence of patients having both conditions concomitantly. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (ISGLT2) significantly reduce cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular death. In this article we will focus on the current evidence about the effectiveness of these medications in adults with heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose , Adulto , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Glucose , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Sódio/metabolismo , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/uso terapêutico , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/farmacologia , Volume Sistólico
8.
Rev Med Chil ; 148(3): 409-413, 2020 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32730388

RESUMO

We report a 55-year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes mellitus who consulted at the emergency room because of intermittent oppressive chest discomfort. At admission, electrocardiogram showed a complete atrioventricular block. A transthoracic echocardiogram disclosed severe left ventricular dysfunction. The patient developed cardiogenic shock that required the installation of the Impella system. An emergency coronary angiography showed an ostial occlusion of the anterior descending artery. Despite successful primary angioplasty, she persisted with refractory shock and progressive hypoxemia. A concomitant connection to the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system (ECMO) was decided. The support of both devices allowed the stabilization of the patient and the improvement of perfusion parameters.


Assuntos
Coração Auxiliar , Choque Cardiogênico/terapia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
9.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 39(1): 34-38, abr. 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115447

RESUMO

Recently, intravascular lithoplasty (IVL) has been introduced as a novel technique for treating calcified intracoronary artery lesions. There are no reports of this intervention in Latin America. We report 2 cases in which IVL was successfully used to treat this type of coronary artery lesions.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Litotripsia/métodos , Aterectomia Coronária/métodos , Calcificação Vascular/terapia , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão
10.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(3): 409-413, mar. 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115807

RESUMO

We report a 55-year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes mellitus who consulted at the emergency room because of intermittent oppressive chest discomfort. At admission, electrocardiogram showed a complete atrioventricular block. A transthoracic echocardiogram disclosed severe left ventricular dysfunction. The patient developed cardiogenic shock that required the installation of the Impella system. An emergency coronary angiography showed an ostial occlusion of the anterior descending artery. Despite successful primary angioplasty, she persisted with refractory shock and progressive hypoxemia. A concomitant connection to the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system (ECMO) was decided. The support of both devices allowed the stabilization of the patient and the improvement of perfusion parameters.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Choque Cardiogênico/terapia , Coração Auxiliar , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
11.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 38(3): 173-181, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058060

RESUMO

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: En pacientes con estenosis Aórtica (EA) severa sintomática, el implante de válvula aórtica percutánea transcatéter (TAVI) por vía transfemoral constituye el estándar de tratamiento en aquellos de riesgo quirúrgico intermedio o alto. El uso de un abordaje minimalista ha demostrado ser seguro y efectivo, si bien no existen reportes sobre la realidad nacional Métodos: Estudio descriptivo sobre la experiencia con pacientes sometidos al implante de TAVI bajo un protocolo minimalista en Unidad de Cardiología Intervencional y Hemodinamia del Hospital Sótero del Río desde Enero de 2018. Se analizaron las variables clínicas de los pacientes y del procedimiento así como desenlaces clínicos intrahospitalarios y seguimiento alejado. Resultados: Entre Enero 2018 hasta Abril 2019, un total de 10 pacientes fueron sometidos al implante de TAVI por vía transfemoral. El score STS-PROM promedio fue de 7,1. Se logró un implante exitoso en el 100% de los casos con un gradiente medio residual de 8 mmHg y sin leak moderado a severo en ningún paciente. No hubo eventos cerebrovasculares isquémicos perioperatorios ni muerte en este grupo. Se requirió implante de marcapasos definitivo en 3 pacientes y un paciente presentó hematoma femoral perioperatorio que requirió transfusión de glóbulos rojos. La mediana de la estadía hospitalaria fue de 2 días. Conclusiones: El uso de una estrategia minimalista para el implante de TAVI en nuestra realidad nacional es seguro y aplicable. Los resultados perioperatorios y a 30 días fueron comparables a los descritos en experiencias internacionales.


ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, transcatheter percutaneous aortic valve implant (TAVI) is the standard treatment in those with intermediate or high surgical risk. The use of a minimalist approach has proven to be safe and effective, although there are no reports on the national reality Methods: Descriptive study on the experience with patients undergoing TAVI implantation under a minimalist protocol at the Interventional Cardiology and Hemodynamics Unit of the Hospital Sótero del Río since January 2018. Clinical characteristics of the patients and the procedure were analyzed as well as intrahospital outcomes and at 30-days follow up. Results: Between January 2018 and April 2019, a total of 10 patients underwent TAVI implantation by transfemoral approach in our institution. The average STS-PROM score was 7.1. A successful implant was achieved in 100% of cases with an average residual gradient of 8 mmHg and no moderate to severe leak in any patient. There were no perioperative ischemic cerebrovascular events nor death in this group. A definitive pacemaker implant was required in 3 patients and one patient developed femoral hematoma that required red blood cell transfusion. The median hospital stay was 2 days. Conclusions: The use of a minimalist strategy for TAVI implantation in our national reality is safe and applicable. Immediate results and at 30-days follow up were comparable to those described in international experiences.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Resultado do Tratamento , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/instrumentação
12.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 35(2): 109-117, 2016. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-796796

RESUMO

Introducción: El cierre percutáneo de orejuela izquierda con dispositivos percutáneos (CPOI) ha demostrado ser útil en la prevención de embolia arterial como alternativa al tratamiento anticoagulante (TACO) en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular (FANV). Sin embargo, en las primeras semanas post implante, existe el riesgo de formación de trombos sobre el dispositivo. Objetivos: Describir e Identificar los factores de riesgo para la formación de trombos sobre el dispositivo posterior al cierre de orejuela izquierda. Métodos: Se incluyeron 15 pacientes con FANV y alto riesgo hemorrágico, sometidos a CPOI con dispositivo Ultrasept (Cardia Inc., Eagan, MN), en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Católica, entre Abril 2013 y Junio 2014. A todos se les realizó eco-cardiograma transesofágico (ETE) al primer, tercer y sexto mes post implante. Todos los pacientes recibieron aspirina en forma permanente y TACO por 45 días el que se reemplazó por clopidogrel hasta el sexto mes post implante. Se analizaron parámetros clínicos y ecocardiográficos en forma retrospectiva para identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la formación de trombos sobre el dispositivo. Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 77± 8 años, 73% de sexo masculino. El 80% tenía FA permanente y 20% FA paroxística. EL Score de CHA2DS2VASc promedio fue de 5 (mínimo 3, máximo 8 puntos). En 4 pacientes (26.6%), encontramos trombos en el dispositivo en el seguimiento con ETE (1 paciente al primer mes y 3 al tercer mes), sin consecuencias clínicas. Al comparar los pacientes que formaron trombos con el resto, no hubo diferencias en las variables clínicas (edad, sexo, Hipertensión arterial (HTA), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Dislipidemia, Tabaquismo, Insuficiencia Renal, AVE previos), ni en las variables ecocardiográficas estudiadas, como el área de la aurícula izquierda (AI), contraste espontáneo en la AI, insuficiencia mitral ni cierre incompleto de orejuela (medida por la existencia de flujo peridispositivo). Sin embargo, los pacientes con trombos presentaron CHA2DS2VASc score más alto (7.1 vs 4.7; p= 0.001) y fracción de eyección (FE) más baja (43% vs 55%; p= 0.001). En la curva ROC de CHA2DS2VASc para predecir una mayor probabilidad de formación de trombos, un valor > 6 obtiene una sensibilidad de un 100% y una especificidad de un 80%. En nuestro seguimiento clínico de 2 años ± 5.7 meses posterior al implante, 1 paciente tuvo un AVE isquémico identificando como fuente enfermedad carotidea (no tenía trombos en el dispositivo). El resto de los pacientes se mantienen asintomáticos. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, el CHA2DS-2VASc score (> 6) y la fracción de eyección baja, fueron factores de riesgo para la formación de trombos sobre el dispositivo de cierre de orejuela. Este hallazgo debería confirmarse en series más grandes dado que podría cambiar la estrategia de anticoagulación post implante.


Background: Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA) has been shown to be useful in the prevention of arterial embolism as an alternative to oral anticoagulants in patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation. However, thrombus formation may develop in the first weeks following device implantation/ Aim: to identify risk factors for thrombus development on devices used for LAA closure. Methods: 15 patients with non valvular AF and high risk for anticoagulant treatment were included. Patients received an Ultrasept (Cardia Inc., Eagan, MN) between April 2013 and June 2014. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed in all patients 1, 3 and 6 months post implant. All patients received aspirin permanently and acenocumarol for 45 days, followed by clopidogrel until 6 months post implant. Results: Mean age was 77 years old (SD 8). 73% were males. AF was permanent in 80% and paroxysmal in 20%. Mean CHA2DS2VASC was 8 (range 3 to 8). Thrombus were revealed by TEE in 4 patients (26.6%), at 1 month (1 patient) and at 3 months post implant (3 patients). No complications occurred in these patients. Clinical variables (age, sex, hyper-tension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking habit, renal failure and prior strokes) were no different in patients with or without thrombus. The same was true for left atrial size, mitral insufficiency or incomplete closure of LAA. In contrast, patients with thrombus formation had a higher CHA2DS2VASc score (7.1 vs 4.7, p=0.001 and a lower LV ejection fraction (43% vs 55%, p=0.001). A CHA2DS2VASc score > 6 was 100% sensible and 80% specific for thrombus formation (ROC curve). After a follow-up of 24 ± 5 months only 1 patients had and ischemic cerebro-vascular event which was attributed to carotid artery disease (the patient had no evidence of device thrombus). All other patients remain asymptomatic. Conclusion: A CHA2DS2VASc score > 6 and a low ejection fraction were risk factors for thrombus formation on LAA closing device. Confirmation of these findings in a larger series of patients could lead to a change in anticoagulant strategy following the implantation of devices to close the LAA.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Trombose/prevenção & controle , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Apêndice Atrial/cirurgia , Apêndice Atrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose/etiologia , Trombose/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Curva ROC , Seguimentos , Medição de Risco/métodos , Embolia/prevenção & controle , Previsões
13.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 35(2): 118-126, 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-796797

RESUMO

Introducción: La coronarioectasia (CE), es una infrecuente forma de enfermedad coronaria, en que dilataciones coronarias coexisten con placas ateroes-cleróticas. Puede presentarse como cuadros agudos o crónicos, aún sin estenosis significativa. Distintas series lo han asociado a perfiles variados de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio analítico de cohorte retrospectivo, evaluando las coronariografías realizadas en nuestro centro entre Junio de 2009 a Julio de 2015. Se definió CE como dilatación >1,5 veces comparado con el diámetro de la arteria de referencia. Se estudiaron factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos y se compararon con un grupo control elegido de forma aleatoria. Resultados: De 9648 coronariografías, 64 presentaban CE. La mayor parte eran hombres, de menor edad, con menos hipertensión arterial, diabetes e hiperlipidemia, comparados con los controles. En la mayoría de los casos la CE afectaba a 3 vasos (83,3%) y en solo 5 casos (28%) coexistía con estenosis. El análisis multivariado señaló como factores de riesgo significativos a la edad < 55 años (OR: 2,63, IC: 1,4 -4,9, p<0,05), Obesidad (OR: 3,2; IC:1,7-5,8, p<0,05) e Hiperlipidemia (OR: 0,09; IC: 0,016-0,54). Considerando los pacientes que se presentaron como SCA se observó que los pacientes con CE fueron más jóvenes (45,9 años; DE: 5,9 v/s 48,8 años; DE: 5,3; p=0,02), y con menos hiperlipidemia (OR:0,2; IC:0,06-0,7, p=0,01). Respecto a la obesidad, esta fue más preva-lente en pacientes con CE (OR: 2,49; IC: 0,956-6,4. p=ns). Conclusión: La CE es una entidad poco frecuente, que puede producir SCA aun en ausencia de estenosis significativa. Son pacientes más jóvenes y con menos antecedente de dislipidemia, por lo que en su patogenia aparentemente participan factores diferentes a los de la enfermedad ateroesclerótica obstructiva.


Background: Coronary ectasia (CE) is an uncommon condition where coronary artery dilatation coexists with atherosclerotic plaques. It may present as either acute or chronic syndromes even in the absence of coronary artery stenosis. Differences in risk factors associated to CE compared to those associated to usual CAD have been described. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed coronary arteriograms performed between June 2009 and July 2015. CE was defined as the presence of dilatation >1.5 times the diameter of the unaffected vessel. Cardiovascular risk factors were compared in CE vs a random sample of non-CE patients. Results: Out of 9648 coronary arteriograms 64 showed CE (9.5%). Compared to controls, CE patients were males, younger and hat lower prevalence or hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. CE was present in all 3 main vessels in 83.3% of CE patients and co-existed with significant stenosis in only 28%. Multivariate analysis showed that significant differences in risk factors were age <55 years (OR: 2.63; CI: 1.4 to 4.9, p <0.05), obesity (OR: 3 2; CI: 1.7 to 5.8, p <0.05) and hyperlipidemia (OR: 0.09; CI: 0.016 to 0.54). In patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome, those with CE were younger (45,9 years; SD: 5,9 v/s 48,8 years; SD: 5,3; p=0,02), y and a lower prevalence or hyperlipidemia (OR:0,2; IC:0,06-0,7, p=0,01). Conclusion: CE is an infrequent condition in CAD. It may me associated to either acute or chronic syndromes. They are younger, have a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia suggesting that risk factors other than traditionally recognized in obstructive CAD influence de development of CE.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Dilatação Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Prognóstico , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Angiografia Coronária , Medição de Risco , Dilatação Patológica/complicações , Aterosclerose/complicações , Estudo Observacional
14.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 34(3): 207-213, 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-775490

RESUMO

La amiloidosis corresponde a un conjunto de enfermedades que tienen en común el depósito de amiloide en uno o más órganos. El hallazgo típico del compromiso cardíaco secundario a la amiloidosis es la presencia de insuficiencia cardíaca rápidamente progresiva. La historia natural de esta enfermedad en ausencia de tratamiento es de un rápido compromiso con alta mortalidad. Reportamos el caso de una paciente con esta enfermedad, describiendo su historia, manejo y seguimiento.


Cardiac amyloidosis refers to a set of diseases characterized by amyloid deposit in one or more organs. The typical finding of cardiac involvement secondary to amyloidosis is the presence of rapidly progressive heart failure. The natural story of this disease in the absence of treatment leads to rapid deterioration with a high mortality rate We report the case of a patient with amyloidosis and cardiac invol-vement, describing the clinical history, management and follow up.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Amiloidose/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico , Amiloidose/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem
15.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 34(2): 93-99, 2015. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-762609

RESUMO

Introducción: El uso de adenosina intracoronario durante la angioplastía coronaria ha sido controversial en los últimos años. El beneficio teórico en el flujo epi-cárdico y microcirculatorio (MC) no se ha demostrado categóricamente en estudios clínicos. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de protección de la MC y del flujo epicárdico al utilizar adenosina intracoronaria durante la AP. Métodos: Estudio clínico randomizado multicéntrico, caso-control con análisis post hoc ciego, en pacientes portadores de SCA con SDST. Un total de 122 pacientes aleatorizados 1:1, se consideró caso (A(+)) aquel que se administró adenosina en dosis de 120 microgramos intracoronario en bolo y luego infusión periférica de 6mg en 33ml de suero fisiológico a pasar en 2-3 minutos Se evaluaron criterios clínicos, angiográficos y electrocar-diográficos de reperfusión epicárdica y microvascular. Observadores ciegos evaluaron el conteo de cuadros TIMI (cTFC) y "blush" miocárdico (BM). Se compararon las características clínicas, angiográficas basales y los resultados angiográficos finales entre ambos grupos, usando t-Student, prueba de Mann-Whitney, Chi cuadrado y test exacto de Fisher según correspondiera. En todos los pacientes se evaluó la resolución del SDST con el score de ST. Además, se evaluó las posibles complicaciones por uso de adenosina intracoronaria. Resultados: Entre 2012-2014 se reclutaron 122 pacientes. Al comparar las características basales entre el grupo A(+) vs los A(-) no hubo diferencias significativas en la edad (59+/-10 años para A(+) vs 58+/-10 años para A(-), p:0,97), ni en las comorbilidades. Al comparar las características angiográficas basales, no se encontró diferencias en los vasos culpables (ADA 44% en A(+) vs 43% en A(-), p:0.57), en las cargas trombóticas (Alta carga: 69% para A(+) vs 74% para A(-), p:0.53), en el flujo TIMI pre (TIMI 0-1 86% para ambos grupos, p:0,69), cTFC pre (87+/-23 cuadros en A(+) vs 88+/-25 cuadros en A(-), p:0.99), Killip de ingreso (Killip I, 86% para A(+) vs 76% para A(-), p:0,11) y fracción de eyección (51+/-8% para A(+) vs 48+/-9% para (-), p:0,61). Al evaluar los resultados angiográficos finales encontramos diferencias significativas en el flujo TIMI (TIMI 3 96% para grupo A(+) vs 74% para grupo A(-), p:0,002). No encontramos diferencias significativas en el BM (Blush 3 73% para ambos grupos, p:0.74), el cTFC final (24+/-11 cuadros en A(+) vs 26+/-12 cuadros en A(-), p:0,85). Si consideramos cTFC <23cuadros como éxito angiográficos, tampoco encontramos diferencias significativas (56% para A(+) vs 53% para A(-), p:0,45). Por último tampoco hubo diferencias significativas con la resolución del segmento ST (44% para A(+) vs 58% para A(-), p:0,126). Conclusión: De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos podemos inferir que la adenosina intracoronaria cumple un rol en la conservación óptima del flujo epicárdico coronario, pero sin influir en la microcirculación. Mayores estudios se requieren para determinar si se traduce en algún beneficio clínico.


Background: The effect of Intracoronary adenosine for coronary flow preservation during primary PTCA is debatable. Clinical studies have not established a benefit of adenosine administration upon epicar-dic or microcirculatory flows. Aim: to evaluate micro circulatory flow preservation after administration of intracoronary adenosine during primary PTCA. Method: From 2012 to 2014, 122 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction randomized to either adenosine of control (2:1) were included in a controlled clinical trial. Adenosine was administered in a 120 mg bolus followed by 6mg solution during 2 to 3 min. Epicardic and micro vascular flows were evaluated through clinical, angiographic, electrocardiographic and reperfusion variables. TIMI (cTFC) and myocardial "blush" were measured by blind observers. Results: Basal characteristics, namely age and co-morbidities were similar between groups. Also, the distribution of coronary vessels involved in MI was similar with a preponderance of the LAD artery. There was an high proportion of patients with an elevated thrombus load (Adenosine 69%, controls 74%) ; TIMI flow 0-1 was 86% in both groups and TIMI cTFC was not different (adenosine: 87±23 , controls 88±25 ). Over 75% of patients were Killip I, and the ejection fraction was slightly decreased (adenosine 51±8% , controls 48±9% , NS). In contrast, TIMI flow was significantly greater for adenosine (TIMI 3 96% for adenosine and 74% for controls, p=0.002). No difference was observed in myocardial blush (B 3 73% in both groups) nor cTFC (24±11 vs. 26±12, respectively). Finally, regression of ST elevation was similar in both groups. Conclusion: Intracoronary adenosine during PTCA in ST elevation MI was associated to a better epicardial but not microvascular flow. Further study is needed to evaluate the eventual clinical benefit of these effects.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/métodos , Adenosina/administração & dosagem , Circulação Coronária/efeitos dos fármacos , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudo Multicêntrico , Resultado do Tratamento , Microcirculação/efeitos dos fármacos
16.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 34(2): 113-119, 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-762612

RESUMO

Introducción: La angioplastía coronaria ambulatoria (APA) es habitualmente realizada, bajo ciertos criterios de seguridad y selección de pacientes. Nuestro objetivo fue realizar monitoreo telemédico en todas las angioplastías ambulatorias, durante tres días posterior al procedimiento. Método: Análisis prospectivo de las angioplastías ambulatorias realizadas en el Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río entre Marzo y Octubre del 2014. Se excluyó an-gioplastías de tronco coronario izquierdo, bifurcaciones, en contexto de síndrome coronario agudo y falla cardíaca. Se realizó monitoreo de presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca, saturación de oxígeno, electrocardiograma (ECG) abreviado (D2 largo), presencia de síntomas, complicaciones del sitio de punción y adherencia a medicamentos durante 3 días. Se dispuso de alertas protocolizados para cada item, en una plataforma de monitoreo telemédico 24/7. En el análisis se consideró género, edad, factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos, medicamentos, presencia de síntomas, signos vitales, complicaciones del sitio de punción, rehospitalizaciones, tamaño del stent, vaso tratado y morbimortalidad. Resultados: Se realizaron 52 APA, suceptibles de ingresar al programa de monitoreo. Todas fueron realizadas por via radial. Un 68% de sexo masculino, edad promedio de 60,4 años, hipertensos 67%, diabétios 29%, dislipidémicos 37%, fumadores 45% con antecedentes familiares de cardiopatía coronaria 14%, angioplastía previa 53%, cirugía de revascularización previa 3,8%. Todos los procedimientos se efectuaron vía transradial. 23% recibió más de 1 stent. Ningún paciente presentó complicaciones durante el procedimiento y el resultado angiográfico final fue satisfactorio. Durante la monitori-zación, 8 pacientes presentaron alza de presión arterial, uno de los cuales fue resuelto en el servicio de urgencia, mientras que en los restantes se ajustó la dosis de medicamentos mediante consulta telefónica. Cuatro pacientes tuvieron dolor toráxico, 3 de ellos citados a control el día siguiente con ECG y en solo 1 se decidió nuevo estudio coronario, la cual demostró Stent permeable, sin evidencia de complicaciones. Ocho pacientes tuvieron complicaciones del sitio de punción, pero en un sólo caso fue hematoma, resuelto espontáneamente y en los 7 restantes dolor u hormigueo. No se registraron complicaciones mayores, como trombosis intra stent, accidentes cerebrovasculares o muerte. Conclusión: La monitorizacion cardíaca post an-gioplastía ambulatoria en pacientes coronarios estables parece una herramienta muy útil, que permite conocer la real evolución de los pacientes en su domicilio después del procedimiento y, además, corregir eventuales complicaciones. En este grupo ningún paciente presentó alguna complicación grave.


Background: Ambulatory coronary angioplasty (A-PTCA) has been performed in adequately selected patients. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of adding post discharge tele-monitoring in patients undergoing A-PTCA Methods: Patients undergoing A-PTCA at Hospital Sotero del Rio (Santiago, Chile) from March to April 2014 were prospectively selected for addition of tele-monitoring. Patients with main left disease, lesions at bifurcations, those with evolving acute coronary syndromes, and those with heart failure were excluded. Tele monitoring for 3 days included arterial blood pressure, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, abbreviated (Lead II) ECG, symptoms, evaluation of puncture site and adherence to drug therapy. Pre designed continuous alerts were set in the monitoring system. Demographic and angiographic characteristics were recorded. Results: in 52 procedures inclusion and exclusion criteria were fulfilled and patients were included in the study. Mean age was 60.4 years old and 68% were males. Hypertension was present in 67%, diabetes en 29%, dyslipidemia in 37%, and and 45% smoked. 53% had prior PTCA and 3.8% prior CABG. PTCA was performed via the radial artery in all patients and 32% received more than 1 stent. No patient developed complications during or inmediately after PTCA. Angiographic result was satisfactory in all subjects. During tele-monitoring 8 patients presented high blood pressure: one was derived to the ER, all others had their medications appropiately adjusted. Four patients reported chest pain, and after EKG one was referred for coronary angiography, which showed a patent stent. 8 patients reported alterations at the puncture site, a small hematoma was present in one and just pain in the rest. There were no major complications, CVA or death, Conclusion: Tele-monitoring after A-PTCA in stable coronary patients appears to be useful in detecting events or complications, a small propotion of them requiring only treatment adjustments via telephone contact. No patient developed significant complications.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/métodos , Monitorização Ambulatorial , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Prospectivos , Seguimentos , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios
17.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 33(3): 173-180, dic. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-743819

RESUMO

Antecedentes: La efectividad de la aspiración de trombos de rutina en una angioplastía primaria (AP) es controversial. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la aspiración de rutinaria de trombos durante la AP en la preservación del flujo microvascular final, estratificada por horas de presentación. Métodos: Realizamos un ensayo clínico prospectivo randomizado de 122 pacientes que se presentaron al Hospital Sótero del Río con infarto agudo al miocardio con upradesnivel del ST (IAM c/SDST) a AP + aspiración o sólo AP, evaluando el flujo microvascular final. Resultados: Se randomizaron 59 pacientes a AP + aspiración y 63 a sólo AP En el grupo de aspiración hubo menor empleo de pre-dilatación (46.4% vs 80.3 por ciento; p=0.01) y menor necesidad de realizar técnicas complejas de bifurcación (3.6 por ciento vs 15.2 por ciento; p=0.03). No observamos diferencias en el flujo microvascular final medido por conteo de cuadros TIMI (cTFC) (25.6 +/- 11.8 vs 24.8 +/- 10.9; p=0.12). No hubo diferencias en el flujo microvascular final, de acuerdo al tiempo de presentación: < 3 horas de IAM c/SDST (cTFC 22.3 +/- -9.1 vs 22.4 +/--8; p= 0.2) y > 3 horas de IAM c/SDST (cTFC 27.7 +/- 13.4 vs 25.9 +/- 11.6; p= 0.08). Conclusion: En nuestra experiencia, no hay mejoría del flujo microvascular final en la tromboaspiración manual de rutina durante la AP como tampoco en el subgrupo de presentación precoz. La menor predilatación y el menor uso de técnicas complejas de bifurcación, podría traducir una angioplastía técnicamente más fácil al aspirar el trombo y permitir una mejor visualización del vasoculpable.


Background. There is controversy regarding the effectiveness of thrombi aspiration during primary angioplasty for ST elevation myocardial Aim: to evaluate the effect of routine aspiration of thrombus upon micro vascular flow, both overall and according to the time from initial pain to intervention. Method: 122 patients admitted to a general hospital for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction were prospectively randomized to undergo coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with prior aspiration of thrombi or PTCA alone. The final micro vascular flow was compared between groups. A similar analysis compared patients presenting before or after 3 hours from de initial pain. Results: 59 patients underwent thrombi aspiration followed by PTCA (A+PTCA) and 63 PTCA alone (PTCA). Compared to the PTCA group, the A+PTCA group required less frequently balloon pre-dilation. (46.4 percent vs 80.3 percent; p=0.01) and a need for complex angioplasty of bifurcation lesions (3.6 percent vs 15.2 percent; p=0.03). No difference was observed in final micro vascular flow assessed by cTFC between corresponding groups (25.6 +/- 11.8 vs 24.8 +/- 10.9; p=0.12). Compared to Group A+PTCA, patients undergoing PTCA alone had no difference in final micro vascular flow, irrespective of time from initial pain to PTCA: cTFC 22.3 +/- -9.1 vs 22.4 +/--8 in those treated <3 hours from initial pain and 27.7 +/- 13.4 vs 25.9 +/- 11.6, in those treated >= 3 hr after initial pain, respectively. Conclusion: Manual thrombi aspiration before PTCA in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction did not improve micro vascular flow, regardless of the time from initial pain to primary PTCA. The lesser need for complex angioplasty and balloon pre-dilatation in patients undergoing thrombi aspiration may reflect a better visualization of affected arteries during PTCA.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/métodos , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Trombectomia/métodos , Trombose/terapia , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Microcirculação , Estudos Prospectivos , Sucção , Fatores de Tempo
18.
Cardiovasc Revasc Med ; 15(5): 284-8, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25178668

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Ticagrelor has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with ACS. However, the effects of this drug on parameters of microvascular flow in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have not been completely evaluated. METHODS: Ninety-two patients presenting with STEMI where randomized to a loading dose of clopidogrel (600 mg) or ticagrelor (180 mg) before undergoing primary angioplasty. We assessed angiographic and electrocardiographic parameters of myocardial reperfusion. Blinded operators calculated angiographic corrected TIMI Frame count (cTFC) and myocardial blush grade (MBG) before and after stent implantation. ST segment resolution was also measured in all patients. Primary endpoint was cTFC after PCI. Secondary endpoints were cTFC prior to PCI, TIMI flow grade, MBG and the percentage of ST resolution. RESULTS: Of the 92 randomized patients, 70 patients were analyzed. Mean age of patients was 58.8±10 years. Patients presented with a mean ischemic time of 4.4±2.6 hours. There were no significant differences in the time between loading dose and stent deployment (35.2±36.4 in ticagrelor and 42.7±29.5 min in clopidogrel, p=0.36). cTFC before angioplasty was significantly lower in ticagrelor than in clopidogrel (81.1±29.4 vs. 95.1±17.5 frames respectively, p=0.01). After angioplasty there were no differences between ticagrelor and clopidogrel in cTFC (24.6±9.3 vs. 27.0±13.4 frames respectively, p=0.62); MBG grade 3 was present in 76.4 vs. 69.4% of patients, respectively (p=0.41). The percentage of ST resolution did not show any differences between groups (84.8±23.4 in ticagrelor vs. 70.8±33.7 in clopidogrel, p=0.36). CONCLUSION: Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor loading in patients presenting with STEMI is not associated with an improvement of angiographic and electrocardiographic parameters of myocardial reperfusion after angioplasty.


Assuntos
Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Antagonistas do Receptor Purinérgico P2Y/uso terapêutico , Ticlopidina/análogos & derivados , Adenosina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angiografia/métodos , Angioplastia/métodos , Clopidogrel , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ticagrelor , Ticlopidina/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento
19.
Rev Med Chil ; 142(2): 246-9, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24953114

RESUMO

Acute primary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) secondary to papillary muscle rupture is an extremely rare clinical situation. We report a 42-year-old male with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) secondary to HIV infection, who presented with an acute TR due to spontaneous papillary muscle rupture. He remained in cardiogenic shock despite therapy with inotropic drugs and pulmonary vasodilator therapy. He was subjected to a tricuspid valve replacement. In the postoperative period the patient had severe PAH, which was successfully controlled with inhaled nitric oxide. Tricuspid valve replacement and adjunctive use of pulmonary vasodilator therapy can be a life saving and useful approach in this condition.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/etiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/complicações , Músculos Papilares , Choque Cardiogênico/etiologia , Valva Tricúspide , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Ruptura Espontânea/etiologia
20.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(2): 246-249, feb. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-710994

RESUMO

Acute primary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) secondary to papillary muscle rupture is an extremely rare clinical situation. We report a 42-year-old male with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) secondary to HIV infection, who presented with an acute TR due to spontaneous papillary muscle rupture. He remained in cardiogenic shock despite therapy with inotropic drugs and pulmonary vasodilator therapy. He was subjected to a tricuspid valve replacement. In the postoperative period the patient had severe PAH, which was successfully controlled with inhaled nitric oxide. Tricuspid valve replacement and adjunctive use of pulmonary vasodilator therapy can be a life saving and useful approach in this condition.


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/etiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/complicações , Músculos Papilares , Choque Cardiogênico/etiologia , Valva Tricúspide , Ruptura Espontânea/etiologia
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